考研英语二历年高频词（2016 年至 2020 年）
2016 年
investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ n. 投资
例句 The link between happiness and investment generally hold even after accounting for these things.
甚至在考虑了这些情况后， 幸福与投资的关系依然普遍适用。 [2016 Section I] 搭配 investment (in sth.) 对……的投资
overseas investment 海外投资
necessary /ˈnesəseri/ adj.必需的；必要的
例句 That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking necessary for making investments for the future.
这是因为对未来进行投资需要作出长远决策，而这种决策与快乐相关。 [2016 Section I] 搭配 necessary for sb./sth. todosth. 对……来说有必要 … …
anecessary evil 无法避免的坏事；不得已的事
desirable /dɪˈzaɪərəbl/ adj. 值得拥有的；令人向往的
例句 To find out, the researchers controlled for various factors that might make firms more likely to
invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in, like growth in wages or population.
为了弄清这一点，研究者掌握了多种可能促使公司投资的因素，例如规模、产业和销量， 也考虑了一个地方宜居的指标，如工资涨幅水平和人口增长幅度。 [2016 Section I]
搭配 desirable for sb. todosth. 对……来说是值得做的╱是可取的
It is desirable that ... ……是可取的
sentiment /ˈsentɪmənt/ n. 观点，情绪
例句 It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help shape how executives think about the future.
不难想象，本地文化以及情感有助于影响高管对于未来的看法。 [2016 Section I] 搭配 nationalist sentiments 民族主义情绪
public sentiment 公众的意见
creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 有创造力的； 有创意的
例句 They’remoreproductive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. 他们更多产，更有创造力， 也更愿意去冒险。 [2016 Section I]
搭配 creative thinking 创造性思维
creative work 创作；创造性工作
inequality /ˌɪnɪˈkwɑːləti/ n. 不平衡； 不平均
例句 Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.
公司似乎乐于投资那些相对幸福的员工所在的部门， 而不是那些幸福感不均衡的部门。 [2016 Section I]
搭配 social inequality 社会不平等
economic inequalities between different areas 不同地区间的经济不平衡
purpose /ˈpɜːrpəs/ n. 目的；意图
例句 But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.
然而，创立一支未来的编码大军也并不是这些课程的唯一目的。 [2016 Text 1] 搭配 for the purpose of 为了……目的
on purpose 有目的地，故意地
with the purpose of 目的是；为了 … … serve the purpose 管用；有助于解决
process /ˈprɑːses/ n. 过程； 进程
例句 It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 与年龄大的学生相比， 思想的转变对他们来说更容易。 [2016 Text 1]
搭配 in the process of 在……的过程中 production process 生产流程
exposure /ɪkˈspoʊʒər/ n. 接触；体验
例句 However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. 然而，柯提纳说，早期接触是有益的。 [2016 Text 1]
搭配 exposure to sth. 接触……，面对 … … risk exposure 风险暴露；风险敞口
hypothesis /haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/ n. 假说；假设
例句 When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.
在年龄尚小时学习计算机科学，他们就不会认为那是令人费解、无休止的字母和数字串， 而是构建应用程序、创作艺术品、或者验证假设的工具。 [2016 Text 1]
搭配 formulate/confirm a hypothesis 提出╱证实假设 hypothesis testing 假设检验； 假设测算
assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ adj. （用于头衔或职务前，表示级别略低）助理的； 副的
例句 Students without experience can catchup after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.
卡内基梅隆大学计算机科学学院的副院长汤姆·柯提纳认为，没有这种学习经验的学生在几 节入门课之后也能迎头赶上。 [2016 Text 1]
搭配 the assistant manager 助理经理；协理 Assistant Minister 部长助理；助理部长
benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v.（使） 受益；对 ……有帮助
例句 Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college. 进入大学之前， 学习编码方面的知识，可以使学生获益匪浅。 [2016 Text 1]
搭配 benefit from/by sth. 得益于， 得利于
essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 完全必要的；必不可少的
例句 It’s true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. 事实上， 中学的编码课程对大学时期计算机科学的学习并不是必要的。 [2016 Text 1]
搭配 an essential part/ingredient/component of sth 某事物必不可少的一部分╱成分╱组成部分 essential to/for sth 对……必不可少
prairie /ˈpreri/ n. 北美草原
例句 In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which
are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.
尤其是， 他们呼吁同西部州政府建立更紧密的合作关系，西部州政府对联邦政府的行动没 有把握， 而私人农场拥有大约 95%的小草原松鸡栖息地。 [2016 Text 2]
conservation /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn/ n. (对自然环境的)保护
例句 But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to tryout new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.
但是阿什和其他一些人认为这种“受威胁动物”的标签会使联邦政府灵活的尝试新的、冲突 可能性更小的保护措施。 [2016 Text 2]
搭配 water and soil conservation 水土保持 conservation area 保护区
stretching /stretʃɪŋ/ adj. 广袤的
例句 Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on
stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.
生物学家估计曾经有两百万小草原松鸡——生活在广袤草原的一种鸟——为美国中西部 和西南部的灰色草原增添了一抹红色。 [2016 Text 2]
搭配 stretching field 广袤的田野 stretching prairie 辽阔的大草原
crash /kræʃ/ n. 狂跌
例句 The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened.
小草原松鸡数量的暴跌是美国渔猎局将它列为受威胁物种的主要原因。 [2016 Text 2] 搭配 stock market crash 股市崩盘； 股市行情暴跌
designate /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/ v. 选定；指派
例句 They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.
他们曾敦促政府将这种鸟类指定为“濒危物种” ，这样一来就能使政府对其行使更大的监管
力以减轻对它的威胁。 [2016 Text 2]
搭配 designatesth. (as) sth./(as beingsth.) 指定为……；定为 … … designatesb. (as) sth. 选定╱委任╱指派……为……；
block /blɑːk/ v. 阻止；妨碍；阻挠
例句 Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.
有些国会议员试图阻止计划的实施，至少有十几家产业集团、四个州，三个环保团体在联 邦法庭上提出质疑。 [2016 Text 2]
搭配 blocksth. off （用路障）封锁，堵住
blocksth. out 挡住，遮住；忘掉， 抹去
blocksth. up 塞住，封住（孔、洞）；阻塞
restore /rɪˈstɔːr/ v. 修复； 复原
例句 Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that
unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.
例如，根据这一计划，政府声称，只要他们签署了一份广泛的管理计划及恢复松鸡栖息地，
政府将不会对无意杀死、伤害或惊扰小草原松鸡的农场主或企业提起诉讼。 [2016 Text 2] 搭配 restoresth. (to sb.) 恢复 … …
habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. （动植物的）生活环境； 栖息地
例句 The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. 该基金还用于补贴那些划留出栖息地的农场主。 [2016 Text 2]
搭配 natural habitat 天然栖息地
habitat destruction 栖息地破坏
tag /tæɡ/ n. 标签；标牌
例句 But Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to tryout new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.
但是 Ashe 和其他一些人认为这种“遭受威胁”的标签会给联邦政府自由，让它能够尝试新
的保护措施，而这些措施可能不那么具有对抗性。 [2016 Text 2] 搭配 gift tag 礼品签
name tag 标有姓名的签条；姓名牌
agency /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ n. 机构；政府专门机构
例句 And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.
作为州立机构的联合会， 西部鱼类和野生动物协会还因此得到一份监察目标进度的工作。 [2016 Text 2]
搭配 news agency 通讯社；新闻通讯社 travel agency 旅行社
the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) （美国） 中央情报局
fuel /ˈfjuːəl/ v. 加强； 刺激
例句 You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time's flow” into “soul time.”
你可能认为这样会激发高效的思维定式，但如埃伯儿所言，这种充满仪式式的行为事实上 会帮助我们“忽视时间的飞逝”进入“灵魂阅读” 。 [2016 Text 3]
搭配 fuel speculation/rumours/fears 引起猜测╱谣传╱恐惧 fuel inflation 刺激通货膨胀
interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ v . 打断（某人的）讲话（行动）
例句 The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward
communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”
小说家、评论家 Tim Parks 写道，现代人的头脑“绝对是倾向于交流的 …… ，事实并不仅仅 在于人们被打断，还在于他们确实倾向于中断。 ” [2016 Text 3]
搭配
interrupt (sb./sth.) (with sth.) 插嘴，打断
challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ adj. （任务或工作） 艰巨的；具有挑战性的；要求高的
例句 Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning — or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need.
你人虽坐读，但与工作有关的思绪却运转不停——也可能你实在疲惫不堪， 以致一本具有 挑战性的书却成了你最不想看到的。 [2016 Text 3]
搭配 challenging work/questions/problems 具有挑战性的工作╱提问╱问题
sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 充足的；足够的
例句 What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.
让这个问题更棘手的是常见的时间管理技巧似乎显得不足。 [2016 Text 3] 搭配 sufficient (todosth.)/(for sth./sb.) 足以 … …
sufficient condition 充分条件
distraction /dɪˈstrækʃn/ n. 分散注意力的事； 使人分心的事
例句 You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. 你可以通过只读纸质书或者使用用途单一的电子阅读器，来使注意力不那么分散。
[2016 Text 3]
搭配 look for distraction 寻求解闷
drivesb. to distraction 使……到心烦意乱（或激动、气愤） 的地步
odd /ɑːd/ adj. 不常发生的；偶然出现的；不规律的
例句 But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’twork. 但以我的经验， 用这些方法腾出零散的 30 分钟并不管用。 [2016 Text 3]
搭配 odd mistake 偶尔犯的错误 atodd 争执；奇数
comfortable /ˈkʌmfətəbl/ adj. 舒服的；安逸的
例句 Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children eventhough neither had completed college when he was young.
回顾过往，他印象深刻的是：在他小时候， 即使他们年轻时都没有上过大学， 他的父母能 够为孩子们提供舒适的生活。 [2016 Text 4]
搭配 comfortable temperature 舒适温度
a warm comfortable house 温暖舒适的房子
preference /ˈprefrəns/ n. 偏见；成见
例句 These contrasts suggest that those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations
that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.
这些对比表明那些生活刚刚起步的年轻人正在重新定义生活重心和期盼，而这些将越来越 广泛的渗入美国生活几乎各个方面，从消费偏好到居住模式，再到政治生活。[2016 Text 4]
搭配 preference for sb./sth. 偏好……，更喜爱 … … by preference 最好，首先
personal preference 个人的爱好
favor /ˈfeɪvər/ v. 更喜爱；倾向于
例句 Young people were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work and to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life.
与前辈相比，年轻人更可能这样做： 将个人成就优先放在工作上并且拥护有更多公共服务
和更快生活节奏的社区。 [2016 Text 4]
搭配 in favor (of sb./sth. ) 赞成；支持；有利于
overwhelming /ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/ adj.压倒性的； 无法抗拒的
例句 Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.
年轻人和老一辈在一个观点上意见是相同的：两代人中绝大多数都声称他们相信，与前辈 相比，现在的年轻人谋生更难。 [2016 Text 4]
搭配 overwhelming majority 压倒的多数压倒多数 overwhelming superiority 绝对优势
mortgage /ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒ/ n. 抵押贷款；按揭
例句 Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can't afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.”
即使目前还在稳定地工作，他说， “我现在还不能独立支付每月的抵押付款， 为此我不得 不把房子租出去。” [2016 Text 4]
搭配 apply for/takeout/payoffa mortgage 申请╱取得╱还清抵押贷款 monthly mortgage repayments 每月偿还的按揭贷款
strikingly /ˈstraɪkɪŋli/ adv. 显著地；引人注目地
例句 But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.
对于什么是充实的生活，年轻人和老一辈基本达成共识时，他们采取的实现途径却大不相 同。 [2016 Text 4]
搭配 strikingly beautiful 极其美丽 strikingly similar 惊人地相似
backfire /ˌbækˈfaɪər/ v. 产生事与愿违的结果
例句 Scientists tellus this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. 科学家告诉我们这样会弄巧成拙，对幸福感产生负面影响。 [2016 Part B]
搭配 backfire (on sb.) （对某人）产生反效果；适得其反；弄巧成拙
pursue /pərˈsuː/ v. 追求； 继续进行
例句 As adults, it seems that we're constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. 作为成年人，我们好像不断地在寻找快乐， 结果却有好有坏。 [2016 Part B]
搭配 pursue a goal/an aim/an objective 追求目标；贯彻宗旨
pursue this policy 贯彻这项政策
pursue a career 追寻事业； 从事工作
instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/ adv. 本能地；直觉地
例句
Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as
grownups.
他们本能地寻求自己的快乐，通常比我们作为成年人所做的更加有效。 [2016 Part B] 搭配 know instinctively 本能地知道
react instinctively 本能地反应
converge /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/ v. （思想、政策、目标等） 十分相似；相同
例句 Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. 年轻人和老一辈在一个观点上意见是相同的：两代人中绝大多数都声称他们相信，与前辈
相比，现在的年轻人谋生更难。 [2016 Part B] 搭配 converge (on …) 汇聚于 … …
budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ n. 预算
例句 Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random — it doesn't matter, so
long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.
这些活动可以是社交性的，或进行运动，可以富有创造性，也可以是完全随意的——这些 都无关紧要，只要活动能够令人愉悦，不会产生负面影响， 比如酗酒或者在预算紧张的时 候一头扎进疯狂的消费热潮中。 [2016 Part B]
搭配 monthly/an annual/afamily budget 每月╱年度╱家庭预算 the education/defence budget 教育╱国防预算
budget deficit 预算赤字 over budget 超出了预算
luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/ n. 奢侈的享受；奢华
例句 But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love.
但是作为成年人我们也享受着能够管理自己日程簿的奢侈行为， 事先安排日程好让自己享 受一下喜欢的活动，这很重要。 [2016 Part B]
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的
例句 That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. 那就和在地毯下面刷掉灰尘的效果一样，而且会导致我们生病。 [2016 Part B]
搭配 effective management 有效管理 effective measure 有效措施
schedule /ˈskedʒuːl/ v. 安排；预定
例句 The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon. 会议安排在星期五下午。
搭配 schedulesth. (for sth.) 安排在 … … on schedule 按时； 按照预定时间 ahead of schedule 提前
suppress /səˈpres/ v. 抑制； 控制
例句 But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones.
但是平常我们过于控制情绪，结果变成抑制情绪， 尤其是负面情绪。 [2016 Part B] 搭配 suppress the appetite 抑制食欲
suppress inflation 遏止通货膨胀
stuff /stʌf/ n. 事情； 东西
例句
The problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with.
成年人遇到的一个问题是要处理太多复杂的事物。 [2016 Part B]
搭配
and stuff 等等；诸如此类
do your ˈstuff 施展自己的本事；露一手
wellbeing /ˈwelbiːɪŋ/ n. 康乐；安乐
例句 Scientists tellus this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. 科学家告诉我们这样会弄巧成拙，对幸福感产生负面影响。 [2016 Part B]
搭配 emotional/physical/psychological well-being 情绪╱身体╱心理健康 a sense of well-being 一种安适愉快的感觉
absence /ˈæbsəns/ n. 不存在；缺乏
例句 As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness. ”
中国哲学家庄子曾经说过： “至乐无乐。” [2016 Part B] 搭配 in the absence of 缺乏，没有
absence from 缺席；不在
item /ˈaɪtəm/ n. 条；项目
例句 The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.
根据美国食品营销研究院的资料，一个普通超市大约有 44,000 种不同商品，许多超市的商 品种类还多出好几万。 [2016 Section III]
搭配 construction item 施工项目， 建设项目 item by item 逐项；逐条
lure /lʊr/ v. 引诱，诱惑
例句
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its
doors.
超市的设计是为了吸引消费者在里面待得尽可能久。 [2016 Section III]
accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累；积聚
例句 We accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.
我们往购物车里堆放大量的商品，其中一半在之前根本没打算购买。 [2016 Section III] 搭配 accumulate experience 积累经验
accumulate wealth 积聚财富；积累财富
2017 年 intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ adj. 智力的；脑力的
例句 These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs.
现在， 因为休闲时间对大多数工人而言相对稀缺， 人们使用他们空余的时间来平衡他们工 作对他们智力和情感上的需求。 [2017 Section I]
搭配 intellectual property 知识产权；著作权 intellectual curiosity 求知欲
yield /jiːld/ v. 产生（效益， 收益）；提供
例句 In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.
在一个无需工作的情况下，基于其他方面所涉及的社会对于未来的工作和休闲可能产生完
全不同的情况。 [2017 Section I] 搭配 yield fruit 不再结果实
yield good returns 产生丰厚的收益
professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 职业的； 专业的
例句 Perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters.
这种不同也许会是以工作时的热情去投入到某一种爱好或者自己所热爱的项目之中。 [2017 Section I]
搭配 professional qualifications/skills 专业资格╱技能
professional standards/practice 专业水平；行业惯例
virtue /ˈvɜːrtʃuː/ n. 优点；好处
例句 Today, the virtue of work maybe a bit overblown.
如今，工作的好处可能稍微有点被夸大了。 [2017 Section I] 搭配 have the virtue of 具有……的优点
depression /dɪˈpreʃn/ n. 抑郁症；精神忧郁
例句 One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for working Americans.
一项盖洛普民意调查发现， 20%失业一年以上的美国人表示自己患有抑郁症， 这一比例是 那些有工作的美国人的两倍。 [2017 Section I]
搭配 clinical depression 临床忧郁症
mental depression 心理抑郁； 精神消沉
association /əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 协会；社团；联盟
例句 Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations.
政府如同社区体育协会一样参与到如此“草根”概念的计划之中， 的确有些荒唐。 [2017 Text 1]
搭配 trade association 贸易协会；同业公会 the Football Association 足球协会
trial /ˈtraɪəl/ n. 测验
例句 Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock.
公园跑不是比赛，而是一种计时测验：你唯一的对手就是时钟。 [2017 Text 1] 搭配 on trial 在试验中；在受审
trial and error 反复试验；尝试错误法
atrial of strength 实力的较量
common /ˈkɑːmən/ adj. 共有的；共同的； 常见的；普遍的
例句 If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods.
如果要给政府一个角色，那么就应该是参与提供公益所需。 [2017 Text 1]
例句 The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. 美国制造业衰退已是个一普遍认识， 尤其是从唐纳德·特朗普开始。 [2017 Part B]
搭配 common to sb./sth. ……共有的 in common 共同的； 共有的 common interest 共同利益
common knowledge 常识；大家都知道的事
inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ v. 鼓舞； 激励
例句 Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” 官方还在反省为什么 2012 年的伦敦没有“激励一代人” 。 [2017 Text 1]
搭配 inspiresb. (to sth./todosth.) 鼓舞某人去做 … …
obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ n. 肥胖症
例句 Obesity has risen among adults and children.
无论是成人还是孩子， 肥胖人数都增加了。 [2017 Text 1]
thrive /θraɪv/ v. 繁荣；旺盛
Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the
conditions for sport to thrive.
未来的政府更多是要为运动的繁荣兴盛提供条件， 而非口头上的、值得称道的策略。 [2017 Text 1]
搭配 thrive on 以……成长
athriving industry 兴盛的行业
contrast /ˈkɑːntræst/ n. 差别；对照；对比
例句 The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.
相比之下，奥运会的竞标人想的却是让更多人参与运动并选出更多的精英运动员。 [2017 Text 1]
搭配 by contrast 相比之下；与之相比 in contrast 与此相反；比较起来
contrast between A and B/contrast to/with sb./sth. ……之间的差异
legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ n. 遗产； 遗留问题
例句 Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.
计划书宣誓要将奥运会伟大的遗产用来将全国的运动爱好者从沙发上撬离。 [2017 Text 1] 搭配 receive a legacy 得到遗产
legacy system 遗留系统
authority /əˈθɔːrəti/ n. 当局；官方； 当权者
例句 But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.
但是，继任政府却已经主持卖掉了绿地、从当局挪用了资金、减少了对运动教育的关注。 [2017 Text 1]
搭配 local authority 地方当局；地方政权
judicial authority 司法机关
ideology /ˌaɪdiˈɑːlədʒi/ n. 意识形态； 思想体系
例句 It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.
这种基于一种非常单纯的中上阶层意识形态的幻想，它宣称，如果没有和让你的小孩认识 三万个词，那就代表你忽视他们。 [2017 Text 2]
搭配 Marxist/capitalist ideology 马克思主义╱资本主义思想体系 political ideology 政治意识形态
observation /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃn/ n. 观察；监视
例句 During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. 在观察某一对实验对象时， 她发现， 手机甚至引发了家庭局势不安。 [2017 Text 2]
搭配 field observation 野外观测； 实地观察 under observation 受到监视
an observation post/tower 瞭望哨╱塔
available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. （人）有空的
例句
This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the
time.
这会让他们更开心，那么剩余的时间就能更多的陪伴孩子。 [2017 Text 2] 搭配 available for 可用于…的；对…有效的；能参加…的
readily/freely/publicly/generally available 可以容易╱免费╱让公众╱普遍得到的
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 设备；仪器，装置
例句
搭配
She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and
39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.
她发现，使用这些设备的母亲，在实验期间与孩子的言语交流比其他未使用电子产品的母 亲减少了 20%，肢体语言互动少了 39%。 [2017 Text 2]
protection device 保护设备； 防护设备 a water-saving device 节水装置
screen /skriːn/ n. 荧光屏；屏幕
例句 With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.
父母都十分在意孩子使用电子设备， 而这容易导致他们忽视自己对电子产品的依赖。 [2017 Text 2]
搭配 computer screen 计算机屏幕
touchscreen 接触式屏幕；触感屏幕
housework /ˈhaʊswɜːrk/ n. 家务劳动；家务事
例句 Tronickbelieves that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’tmean there’s no
value to it — particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.
但特罗尼克认为，不能因为你的小孩没有从‘屏幕’学到什么，就认为它毫无价值——至少，
它给了父母一些时间， 去洗个澡，做点家务，或单纯放松一会儿。 [2017 Text 2] 搭配 do housework 做家务，干家务活
feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/ n. 反馈的意见（或信息）
例句 In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback.
在实验中，她要求一位母亲先用正常的沟通方式和自己的小孩互动，再用无表情的脸面对
小孩并且全程无可视的面部表情反馈。 [2017 Text 2] 搭配 positive feedback 正反馈
market feedback 市场反馈；市场调查资料 give feedback on sth. 提供对……的反馈信息
engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ n. 从事；参加
例句
“Teck is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and
digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.
珍妮·莱德斯基在她的数码娱乐研究中提到，“技术被开发来‘夺人眼球 ’，数码产品的存在， 就是为了让你最大程度的参与其中。 ” [2017 Text 2]
搭配 political engagement 政治参与 work engagement 工作投入
routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 常规； 惯例
例句 It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. 你难以拒绝并且会给你的日常的家庭生活带去不少麻烦。 [2017 Text 2]
搭配 daily routine 日常生活；日常工作 service routine 服务程序
sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 敏感的； 敏锐的
例句
“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and
parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
莱德斯基总结到， “父母不必每时每刻都有求必应，但是需要平衡。对孩子情感需求上语 言和非言语表达，父母需要保持敏锐，给予回应。 ” [2017 Text 2]
搭配
sensitive to sth. 对……体谅、体贴、敏感 light sensitive 光敏的
constant /ˈkɑːnstənt/ adj. 继续不断的；不变的
例句 There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career.
社会上人们往往一直害怕在“ 向终点冲刺比赛” 中落后于他人，无论这个终点是指大学毕业， 或是医学院，还是拥有赚钱的事业。 [2017 Text 3]
搭配 constant practice 时习，不断的练习 constant interruptions 无休止的干扰
financial /fəˈnænʃl/ adj. 财务的；金融的
例句 If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.
如果你不相信花一年的时间去探索兴趣有它的内在价值，那么想想它对于未来学业选择所 产生的经济影响。 [2017 Text 3]
搭配 financial crisis 金融危机；财政危机 financial sector 财政部门
in financial difficulties 处于财务困难之中
responsibility /rɪˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任；负责
例句
Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for
independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.
空档年并不会给学生拖后腿，反而会促使他们提前为独立、新的责任及环境改变做好准备 ——所有这些事情往往是大学新生最为苦恼的。 [2017 Text 3]
搭配 responsibility (for sth/for doingsth)/ (todosth) 有责任……；负责 … … take/assume responsibility 承担负责
enhance /ɪn 'hæns/ v. 提高； 增强
例句 But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits — in fact, it probably enhances it.
但即使普遍存在误解， 空档年并不会阻碍学业追求的成功——实际上， 它还可能会起到增 进作用。 [2017 Text 3]
搭配 enhance reputation 提高声望
enhance efficiency 提高效率
conjunction /kΘn ' . 与某人（某物）共同；连同某人（某物）
例句 Today, widespread social pressure to immediately goto college in conjunction with increasingly
high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.
如今， 即将去读大学所面临的广泛社会压力与高速发展的社会中与日俱增的高期望，往往 会导致学生完全忽视拥有空档年的可能性。 [2017 Text 3]
搭配 in conjunction with 与……一起，协力；连同
. 转变；改变
例句 Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.
许多学生在大学入学申请书上写下了一个专业，在进入大学后却又转专业。 [2017 Text 3] 搭配 switch (sth) (over) (from sth) (to sth)/ (between A and B) （在……之间）转变，切换
switch on/off 接通， 开启╱关掉，切断
application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 申请；申请书
例句 His application to the court for bail has been refused. 他向法庭申请保释遭到拒绝。
搭配 application (to sb) (for sth/todosth) ……的申请
an application for membership/a loan/a licence 会籍╱贷款╱执照申请
consider /kənˈsɪdər/v. 体谅；考虑到；顾及；（尤指为作出决定而）仔细考虑；细想
例句 This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college.
这不足为奇，考虑到基础高中义务教育课程使学生们对大学中广阔的学术发展空间知之甚 少 。 [2017 Text 3]
例句 Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering.
被问及职业选择时，他说高中时他考虑学医，但后来转去学习电子工程。 [2017 Part B] 搭配 consider doing 考虑做 … …
all things considered 从各方面看来； 考虑到所有情况；总而言之
complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成；结束
例句 At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.
举例来说，在波士顿大学，如果你从别的院系转到护士学院，那么你就必须要完成额外的 一个学年。 [2017 Text 3]
搭配 complete a master's degree 读完硕士学位
resource /rɪˈsɔːrs/ n. 资源
例句 In conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep- that affect the lives of all Americans.
在自然保护，流域文化资源的管理和基础设施建设的维护这三方面都影响着所有美国人的 生活。 [2017 Text 4]
搭配 natural/tourism/water resource 自然╱旅游╱水资源 resource management 资源管理
perspective /pərˈspektɪv/ n.（思考问题的）角度， 观点
例句 “It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.
“从公共开支的角度来看，这对于整个国家来说已然是一个巨大的问题， ”他指出。 [2017 Text 4]
搭配 perspective (on sth) 看待……的视角 from the perspective of 从……的角度 aglobal perspective 全面的看法
necessity /nəˈsesəti/ n. 必然；必要
例句 At the sametime, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.
来自科罗拉多大学的鲍尔奇教授认为，与此同时， 人们依旧认为森林野火只有处于需求的 考虑才会被全盘控制。 [2017 Text 4]
搭配 necessity (for sth)/ (of sth/of doingsth)/ (todosth) ……的必要，有必要 … … out of necessity 出于需要，必定
of necessity 必然地；不可避免地
perception /pərˈsepʃn/ n. 洞察力；理解能力
例句 Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited. 我们对于问题的认知及问题的解决办法就会变得非常局限。 [2017 Text 4]
搭配 visual perception 视觉感知； 视觉 perception of reality 对现实的认识
element /ˈelɪmənt/ n. 因素；要素 ，部分
例句 While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.
虽然气候是一个关键因素， 莫里茨教授指出，但这不应该以牺牲其他影响因素为代价。 [2017 Text 4]
搭配 element (in/of sth) ……的因素， ……的部分
crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
例句 But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
但是， 她又指出，承认森林野火在人类生活中是不可避免的存在，这种一种非常重要的态 度，对制定能够更好地控制森林野火的法规、政策和做法至关重要。 [2017 Text 4]
搭配 crucial (to/for sth)/ (that...) （对……）至关重要
acrucial factor/issue/decision 关键性的因素╱问题╱决定
ecology /iˈkɑːlədʒi/ n. 生态；生态学
例句 Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a
national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.
野火生态及管理方面的专家马克斯·莫里茨教授指出，虽然森林野火的频繁爆发经常被认为 是西部各州的常见问题之一，但因其对于联邦税费的影响，已经成为了全国范围内的关注。
[2017 Text 4]
搭配 plant/animal/human ecology 植物╱动物╱人类生态学 the ecology movement 生态保护运动
solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决办法；处理手段
例句 Falling to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be” .
如果没有意识到这一点，他指出，将会导致“一种对于解决方法过于简化的观点”。 [2017 Text 4]
搭配 solution to sth. ……的解决办法 optimal solution 最优解，最佳解
annual /ˈænjuəl/ adj. 每年的；年度的
例句 In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires – nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.
2015 年，美国林业局首次拨款超过 550 亿美元的年度预算在扑灭森林野火上——这项开支 几乎是二十年前的两倍。 [2017 Text 4]
搭配 an annual meeting/event/report 年会╱一年一度的大事╱年度报告 annual income 年度收入
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 回避；躲避
例句 The parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, tell them to avoid the factory.
这些父母经历了美国最严重的大萧条时期，由此警告其子女不要到工厂工作。[2017 Part B] 搭配 avoid doing 避免做某事；逃避 … …
avoidsb./sth. like the plague 像避瘟疫似地躲着……；尽量避开 … …
shortage /ˈʃɔːrtɪdʒ/ n. 不足；缺少
例句 When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.
制造业开始复苏后，首先缺乏的就是高级技工，现在中等技工也出现短缺。 [2017 Part B] 搭配 food/housing/water shortages 食物╱住房╱用水短缺
shortage of 缺少 … …
recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ v. 招募； 吸收
例句 Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.
千禧一代对制造业不感兴趣，他们一样可以在其他行业获得等值甚至更高的报酬。 [2017 Part B]
搭配 recruit new members 吸收新成员，招募新成员
challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战；难题； 考验
例句 Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few.
全美上下，制造商正在努力克服新的困难——并不是劳动力过剩，而是“用工困难”。 [2017 Part B]
搭配 meet the challenge 迎接挑战； 满足要求
rise to the challenge 接受挑战，奋起应付挑战 take up the challenge 应战
electrical /ɪˈlektrɪkl/ adj. 电的；发电的
例句 At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his
father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year.
生产制造电子变压器和焊接设备的 RoMan 制造公司，1980 年由罗伯特·罗斯的父亲一手创
办，现在罗斯先生需要时刻注意着他手下 200 名工人的年龄，今年有 5 个人到了退休年龄。 [2017 Part B]
electrical equipment/appliances 电气设备；电器 electrical power/energy 电力╱能
flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 灵活性； 柔性
例句
While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility.
他们的父辈满足于长时工作，而年轻一代喜欢灵活多变。 [2017 Part B]
搭配
the flexibility of distance learning 远程学习的灵活性
compete /kəmˈpiːt/ v. 竞争； 对抗
例句 However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path forme.
然而，在学习这些课程的时候，我意识到未来在该领域，我没有足够的能力与其他具有创
新精神的精英们竞争， 所以我断定这条路并不适合我。 [2017 Section III] 搭配 with/against sb. for sth. 为了……与……竞争
fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 时尚；时装业
例句 My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. 我曾经的梦想一直以来都是在时尚界和出版界的某些领域工作。 [2017 Section III]
搭配 fashion design 服装设计；时尚设计 in fashion 合于时尚，流行
2018 年
outcome /IautkΛm/ n. 结果；效果
例句 We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations. 我们在等待谈判的最终结果。
搭配 possible outcome 可能的结果
the outcome of the talks 会谈的结果
. 图片；局面，情况，形势
例句 In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image.
最后一个实验鼓励参与者预测看完一张令人不适的图片后的感受，这些参与者选择看图片 的意愿就降低了。 [2018 Section I]
例句 Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
虽然现在电动汽车在道路上仍然罕见，但这种大规模的投资可能会在未来几年迅速改变局 面。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配 picture processing 图像处理
in/out of the picture 在局内╱局外
put/ keepsb. in the picture 介绍情况； 使了解情况
profound /prΘIfaund/ adj. 深刻的；强烈的
例句 The insight that curiosity can drive you to do self-destructive things is a profound one. 好奇心会驱使你去做危害自己的事情，这是一种很深刻的见解。 [2018 Section I]
搭配 profound insights 精辟的见解
aprofound book 深奥的书
shelter /ˈʃeltər/ n. 住处；遮蔽物
例句 The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.
芝加哥大学的奚恺元教授说，人类的探索欲根深蒂固，就像人类对食宿的基本需求一样。 [2018 Section I]
搭配 take shelter (from) 寻求庇护；避难；躲避
negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的；负面的
例句 Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?
为什么人们会去读负面的网络评论和去做其他明显会令自己痛苦的事情？ [2018 Section I] 搭配 negative influence 不利影响；消极作用； 负影响
negative effect 负面影响；负效应
negative attitude 消极的态度，负面的态度
endeavor /ɪnˈdevər/ n. 尝试；努力
例句 These results suggest that imagining the outcome of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine whether it is worth the endeavor.
这些实验结果表明：提前想象一下好奇心可能带来的后果可以帮助人们决定是否值得尝试。 [2018 Section I]
搭配 make every endeavor todosth. 尽全力
reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v. 揭露； 显示
例句 The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt.
这项新研究揭示，人类了解未知的需求十分强烈，即使明知会有不良后果产生，也渴望满
足自己的好奇心。 [2018 Section I]
搭配 revealsth. to sb. 向……揭示、披露 … …
previous/ 'pri:viΘs/ adj. 先前的，之前的
例句 For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.
在一个实验中， 研究人员在每个参与者面前摆放了一堆笔，并声称这些笔是之前实验中所 使用的。 [2018 Section I]
搭配 previous generation 前代；当代
previous experience 以前的相关经验
overlook / 'ouvΘr 'luk/ v. 忽略；未注意到
例句 When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts. 当教育变得一刀切的时候， 就会存在忽略一个国家多样化人才的风险。 [2018 Text 1]
construction /kΘn ' .（房屋、工厂、道路、桥梁等的）建筑；建造
例句 But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.
但即使是现在， 美国 54%的工作都是中等技能工作，比如建筑业和高技能制造业。 [2018 Text 1]
搭配 the construction industry 建筑业 underconstruction 在修建中
diversity /daɪ 'v3:rsΘti/ n. 多样性；多样化
例句
There is a need for greater diversity and choice in education.
教育方面需要更加多元化和更大的选择性。 搭配 biological diversity 生物多样性；生物差异
cultural diversity 文化多样性
logical /ˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ adj. 必然的；合乎情理的
例句 On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution. 一方面， 这种观点是美国发展的必然产物。 [2018 Text 1]
搭配 alogical conclusion 一个合乎情理的结论 logical thinking 逻辑思维，逻辑思考
assemble /əˈsembl/ v. 装配；组装
例句 They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
通过组装自行车，他们也可以掌握几何知识。 [2018 Text 1] 搭配 assemble the machine 组装机器
mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/ adj. 机械的； 不思考的
例句 He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical.
他是新罕布什尔州一所高中的老师，在这所学校里， 学习不关乎教材、考试和死记硬背之 类的东西，而是实践。 [2018 Text 1]
搭配 amechanical gesture/response 机械的手势╱回答 mechanical repetition 机械地重复
subtle /ˈsʌtl/ adj. 微妙的；不明显的；不易察觉的
例句
But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything
less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.
但是，盲目地要求所有人都获得学士学位——以及隐性贬低其他低于学士学位的教育—— 忽视了重要的一点：学士学位并不是美国经济的唯一需求。 [2018 Text 1]
搭配 subtle differences 细微的差异；不易察觉的差异 subtle colors/flavors/smells 淡淡的色彩╱味道╱气味
generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 一批,一届；（尤指电、热等的）产生
例句 Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.
强迫学生们在遍布涂鸦且沾满历届学生所吐口香糖的课桌上学习几何，不一定会有收获。 [2018 Text 1]
例句 But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation
但爱荷华州众多人士并不同意他的看法， 在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机遍布于田野并且为该州 提供 36%的电力。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配 the younger/older generation 年轻的一代；老一辈 power generation 发电，发电量；发电机设备
justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v. 证明〔别人认为不合理的事〕有道理；为 ……辩护
例句 It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
Stephen Koziatek 觉得他必须证明自己所做的努力是为了让学生们拥有更好的未来，这让人 感到有些奇怪。 [2018 Text 1]
搭配 justify sth./yourself (to sb.) 为……辩解、辩护；对……做出解释
vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/ v. 突然不见；消失
例句
搭配
In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,
frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face.
换句话说，当工人阶级已完全改变了国家的政治， 却沮丧地发现曾经表现美国特征的就业 机会不复存在时，摆在我们面前的是一个显而易见的解决方案。 [2018 Text 1]
vanish from 从……失去；从……消失 vanish away 消失
fossil / 'fQ:sl/ n. 化石
例句 President Trump has underlined fossil fuels — especially coal — as the path to economic growth.
特朗普总统强调依靠化石燃料——尤其是煤炭——来实现经济增长。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配
fossil fuel 矿物燃料，化石燃料
living fossil 活化石； 落后于时代的人
massive / 'mæsɪv/ adj. 大规模的，宏伟的
例句 Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
虽然现在电动汽车在道路上仍然罕见，但这种大规模的投资可能会在未来几年迅速改变局 面。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配 massive retaliation 大规模报复
a massive increase in spending 大幅度增加
solar / 'soulΘr/ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
例句 In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.
据美国能源信息署报道，风能和太阳能在 3 月份首次占美国发电量的 10%以上。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配 solar system 太阳系 solar energy 太阳能
solar water heater 太阳能热水器
commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n. 承诺
例句 Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.
这些增长中一部分是源于政府和有远见的企业承诺为清洁能源提供资金。 [2018 Text 2] 搭配 make a commitment 承诺
commitment to sb./sth. 对……的承诺；对……的投入，奉献
account for （数量、比例上）占 ……
例句 The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
可再生能源的全球发展势头迅猛：占当下投入使用的新能源的一半以上。 [2018 Text 2]
principal /ˈprɪnsəpl/ adj. 首要的；主要的
例句 In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. 在全世界许多地区，可再生能源已经成为一种主要能源。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配 principal factor 主要因素；主因子法 the principal cities 主要城市
promote /prəˈmoʊt/ v. 促进，推动
例句
What Washington does — or doesn’t do — to promote alternative energy may mean less and
less at a time of a global shift in thought.
在全球观念转变之际，在促进替代能源方面华盛顿做与不做，可能都不会有太大的影响。 [2018 Text 2]
promote cooperation 促进合作
promote awareness of environmental issues 提高环保意识 promote economic growth 促进经济增长
source /sɔːrs/ n. 来源；出处
例句 Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.
这些增长中一部分是源于政府和有远见的企业承诺为清洁能源提供资金。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配 renewable energy sources 可再生能源 source of income 收入来源
information source 信息源；情报源
administration /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/ n. (企业、学校等的)管理部门；行政部门
例句 In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.
据美国能源信息署报道，风能和太阳能在 3 月份首次占美国发电量的 10%以上。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配 university administrations 大学行政部门
food and drug administration 食品和药物管理局
dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ v. 不予考虑；摒弃
例句 In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. 最近在爱荷华州的一次演讲中，他把风能弃作一种不可靠的能源。 [2018 Text 2]
搭配
dismiss sb./sth. (as sth.) （认为毫无用处而） 不予考虑，不屑一提 dismiss from 解雇； 开除
democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ adj. 民主的；民主政体的；民主制度的
例句 It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit. 即便双方都能从中获益，但仍感觉这种关系不人性化也不民主。 [2018 Text 3]
搭配 ademocratic society 民主社会 democratic reforms 民主改革
commission /kəˈmɪʃn/ n.（政府管控或调查某事的） 委员会
例句 Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.
Facebook 早前向欧盟委员会承诺，不会将用户电话同 Facebook 账号绑定，然而等交易刚 获准便食言。 [2018 Text 3]
搭配 a commission of inquiry 一个调查委员会
securities and exchange commission （美） 证券交易委员会 a commission on human rights 人权委员会
purchase /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/ v. 购买，消费
例句 It maybe that the value of Whole Food to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.
全食给亚马逊带来的价值与其说是 460 间店铺，倒不如说是消费者的购物记录。 [2018 Text 3]
搭配 purchasesth. (from sb.) （从……）购买 … …
conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ adj. 概念的；观念的
例句 But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too.
不过，还有一个更深层次的概念性问题。 [2018 Text 3] 搭配 conceptual model 概念模型； 概念模式
conceptual thinking 概念思维；概念性思考
virtual /ˈvɜːrtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的；模拟的
例句 That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google, the two
virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.
他们的客户应该是广告投放者——Facebook 和谷歌这两大行业巨头主宰着数字广告，使其 他媒体和娱乐公司处于劣势。 [2018 Text 3]
搭配 virtual reality 虚拟现实 virtual library 虚拟图书馆
interpret /ɪnˈtɜːrprət/ v. 诠释；说明
例句 Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.
现行竞争法的条文解释是保护消费者经济利益不受损害，但当用户无需为服务付费时，法 律效用便不明显。 [2018 Text 3]
搭配 interpret the poem 诠释那首诗的意义
digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的；数码的
例句 For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. 首先，与数字经济领域里日新月异的变化速度相比，其变化极为迟缓。 [2018 Text 3]
搭配 digital signal 数字信号
digital television 数字电视，数控电视
determine /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/ v. 确定； 决定
例句 Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it. 无论采用哪种方法，关键在于确定专注的时长并坚持下去。 [2018 Text 4]
inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ adj. 不可避免的；不能防止的
例句 Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
哈福德认为，难以避免的种种干扰常使得每日任务列表流于形式，而在列表中保留弹性空 间却能收获最佳效果。 [2018 Text 4]
搭配 inevitable consequence 必然结果；必然发生的结果 the inevitable 必然发生的事； 不可避免的事
enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/ n. 热爱；热情
例句 So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”— do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi” .
所以简单的一句“你好”则足矣——尽你所能拿出饱满的热情和活力，笑容满面地说“你好”。 [2018 Text 4]
搭配 enthusiasm for sth/for doingsth ……的热情；对……的热忱；热衷于 … … full of enthusiasm 充满热情
with enthusiasm 热情洋溢；狂热地
dedicate /ˈdedɪkeɪt/ v. 致力于；献身于
例句 There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task or developing a daily ritual.
搭配
掌握深度工作这门艺术的途径不在少数——为特定任务而长期静修或培养日常习惯。 [2018 Text 4]
dedicate yourself/sth to sth/to doingsth 献身于……；致力于 … …
indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/ adj. 必不可少的；不可或缺的
例句
“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as
vitamin D is to the body …
“闲散并不仅意味着休假、放纵或恶习；闲散之于大脑，正如维生素 D 之于身体一样必不 可少。 [2018 Text 4]
搭配 indispensable to sb/sth 对……必不可少
indispensable for sth/for doingsth 对……必不可少
roughly /ˈrʌfli/ adv. 大致；差不多
例句 At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. 在任何时间点， 我都该安排好大致一个月后的深度工作。 [2018 Text 4]
搭配 roughly speaking 粗略地说
initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 开始的； 最初的
例句 Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what's going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.
说实话，如果我们总是一成不变地说“你好” 、“你好吗？ ”、“你怎么样？ ℽ , 那么你从一开 始就没有触动对方，必然难以使你们这场谈话留下深刻印象。 [2018 Text 4]
搭配 initial stage 原始期；最初阶段 initial reaction 最初的反应
embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ v. 欣然接受；信奉
例句 In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”
为了充分集中注意力并利用精力，我们还需享受休息时间，或遵照纽波特的建议——“主 动偷懒”。 [2018 Text 4]
搭配 embrace democracy/feminism/Islam 信奉民主╱男女平等主义╱伊斯兰教
combat /ˈkɑːmbæt/ v. 防止；减轻
例句 Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.
纽波特还推荐通过“深度规划”来抵抗持续不断的干扰，以求事半功倍。 [2018 Text 4] 搭配 combat crime/inflation/unemployment/disease 防止犯罪╱通货膨胀╱失业╱疾病
security /sɪˈkjʊrəti/ n. 安全
例句 You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door.
你每天碰到陌生人： 杂货店职员、出租车司机、职场新人、门口保安人员。简单和他们攀
谈几句就会建立一种纽带。 [2018 Part B] 搭配 public security 公共安全
strict security measures 严格的安全措施
strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ v. 加强；巩固
例句 Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.
交谈是纽带，这意味着当你和陌生人交谈时，一条纽带就形成了，从那以后， 你与他的每 次交谈都将增强这种纽带。 [2018 Part B]
搭配 strengthen environmental protection 加强环境保护
strengthen the bond 巩固纽带；巩固关系
convince /kənˈvɪns/ v. 使确信；使相信
例句 The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. 他深信， 如果多多读书，他就可以随心所欲地尝试各种职业。 [2018 Section III]
搭配 convincesb. of sth. 使信服，使相信
institute /ˈɪnstɪtuːt/ v. 建立；制定
例句 He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table. 他对读书太过痴迷，父母不得不规定他上桌吃饭时“不许读书”。 [2018 Section III]
搭配 institute some measures 制定一些措施
institute a number of changes 实行一些改革
assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/ n. 作业；任务；工作
例句 The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests. 这门课程的评估包括各种书面作业和实践测试。
搭配 school assignment 学生作业； 课题 written assignments 书面作业
occupation /ˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn/ n. 工作；职业
例句 A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.
一个五年级学生要完成一项家庭作业，从职业列表中选出自己未来的职业发展方向。 [2018 Section III]
搭配 take up an occupation 就业
2019 年 shift /ʃɪft/ v. 转移；改变（态度或做事方式）
例句 As forme, weighing myself everyday caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing solely on the scale.
于我而言，我本该关注自己总体的健康水平和身体的活力，但每天称体重让我只对体重秤 上的数字关心。 [2019 Section I]
搭配 shiftsth. from... to... 把……从……移到 … … shift your ground （尤指讨论时）改变立场
immediate /ɪˈmiːdiət/ adj. 立刻的；直接的
例句 The most immediate changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.
最直接的变化在于技能水平提高、（身体） 力量增强和穿衣尺寸变小。 [2019 Section I] 搭配 immediate cause 直接原因
immediate superior 直接上级
an immediate reaction/response 即时的反应╱回应
intensity /ɪnˈtensəti/ n. 强度；烈度
例句 If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly hungry and dropping weight，this is a sign that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
如果训练强度保持不变， 但我持续感到饥饿且体重不断下降， 这种迹象将提示我需要增加 每日摄入的卡路里。 [2019 Section I]
搭配 high intensity 高强度
signal intensity 信号强度
burden /ˈbɜːrdn/ n. 重担； 负担
例句 I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a disappointing morning weigh-in.
由于我卸下了负担，不再因每天早晨的称重而沮丧，我的锻炼热情不断增长。 [2019 Section I]
搭配 the burden of sth. (on/to sb.) （加在某人身上的） ……的重担
bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden 承受╱担负╱减轻╱减少╱分担重担
imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 想像力；想像
例句 In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. 当然，在大众的想象中，内疚感可不是件好事。 [2019 Text 1]
搭配 a vivid/fertile imagination 生动的╱丰富的想象 capture the imagination of 激发……的想象力
overall /ˌoʊvərˈɔːl/ adj. 全面的；综合的
例句 Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.
通过看护者对孩子的评估和孩子们的自我评估， 研究团队对每位小朋友的同情心整体水平 和在道德逾矩行为之后感到负面情绪的倾向进行了分级。 [2019 Text 1]
搭配 overall situation 大局；总体形势
overall planning 整体规划；全面规划 overall evaluation 综合评价
cooperation /koʊˌɑːpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 合作；协作
例句 In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.
在大量研究中，马尔蒂和其他研究者已经证明， 内疚与同情心（以及与之极为相似的同理
心）或许代表着通往合作与分享的不同途径。 [2019 Text 1] 搭配 cooperation with sb. (in doingsth.) 在……方面与某人的合作
assessment /Θ 'sesmΘnt/ n. 评定；评价
例句 There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment. 几乎没有有关自然环境破坏的评估。
搭配 risk assessment 风险估计，危险率估计 assessment criteria 评估准则； 评价准则
encourage /ɪn 'k3:rɪd3/ v. 鼓励；激励
例句 And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to makeup for errors and fix relationships.
通过促使我们更深入地思考我们的善良，内疚感会鼓励人们去弥补错误、修复关系。 [2019 Text 1]
搭配 encouragesb. (in sth.) 在……时鼓励某人 encourage investment 鼓励投资
guilt /ɡɪlt/ n. 内疚；悔恨
例句 This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
这就是为什么研究者们通常认为适度的道德内疚是有益的。 搭配 guilt about sth. 因为……而感到的内疚
a sense of guilt 内疚感
inclined /ɪn 'klaɪn/ adj. 有 ……倾向；很可能
例句
For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were
to feel guilty.
对于同情心不足的小孩，他们分享多少似乎取决于他们感到内疚的程度。 [2019 Text 1]
搭配
inclined todosth. 喜欢……；倾向于……；有可能 … …
alert /əˈlɜːrt/ v. 使意识到， 使认识到
例句 Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.
比如，嫉妒和愤怒的演化或许是为了提醒我们注意到重大的不公平现象。 [2019 Text 1]
搭配 alertsb. to sth. 使意识到 … …
carbon /ˈkɑːrbən/ n. 碳
例句 The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber.
这一策略还旨在确保从森林中砍除的木料中的碳是以固体木材的形式保存下来。 [2019 Text 2]
搭配 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 carbon fibre 碳纤维
capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ n. 容量；容积； 容纳能力
例句 Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.
如果要使森林成长为未来宝贵的“碳汇”，可能需要现在降低它们的吸碳能力。[2019 Text 2] 搭配 environmental capacity 环境容量，环境负荷量； 环境承载力
capacity for ……的能力
landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ n. 风景；景色
例句
The landscape is rendered less
burnable.
景观变得不那么容易被烧毁。 [2019 Text 2]
搭配 the bleak/rugged/dramatic landscape 荒芜的景观╱崎岖的地貌╱引人入胜的风光 an urban/industrial landscape 都市╱工业景观
landscape design 景观设计；园林设计；环境景观设计
climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候
例句 The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
由人类活动导致的气候变化迟早有一天会使得森林排放的二氧化碳要多于其吸收的。 [2019 Text 2]
搭配 a mild/temperate/warm/wet climate 温和的╱暖和的╱温暖的╱潮湿的气候 Global climate change 全球气候变化
increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ adv. 不断增加地；越来越多地 例句 The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.
对这一规划的需求变得日益迫切。 [2019 Text 2]
搭配 increasingly difficult/important/popular 越来越困难╱重要╱普及
recreation /ˌriːkriˈeɪʃn/ n. 娱乐；消遣
例句 State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation.
州政府早已习惯于管理森林，但传统上他们关注于野生动物、水域和休闲机会。 [2019 Text 2]
搭配 recreation center 娱乐中心；康乐中心；游憩中心 facilities for leisure and recreation 消遣娱乐设施
envision /ɪnˈvɪʒn/ v. 想象； 展望（尤指美好的事）
例句 California’s plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 — financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions.
加利福利亚计划到 2020 年，每年治理 3.5 万英亩的森林，到 2030 年这一数字达到 6 万英 亩，资金来源于该州拍卖排放许可的资金收入。 [2019 Text 2]
auction /ˈɔːkʃn/ n. 拍卖
例句
The painting is expected to fetch up to $400,000 at auction.
这幅画预计在拍卖会上能卖到 40 万美元。 搭配 at auction 拍卖
dutch auction 荷兰式拍卖；喊价逐步减低的拍卖
flourish /ˈflɜːrɪʃ/ v. 茁壮成长
例句 These plants flourish in a damp climate. 这些植物在潮湿的气候下长势茂盛。
drought /draʊt/ n. 旱灾；干旱
例句 Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.
自2010年以来，干旱和虫害已经导致加利福利亚州超过1亿棵树木死亡，其中大部分死于 2016年，森林大火烧毁了数十万英亩的森林。 [2019 Text 2]
搭配 drought resistance 耐旱性，抗旱性 drought control 抗旱；防旱
model /ˈmɑːdl/n. 模范；典型
例句 California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.
加州的计划有望在明年初由州长最终确定， 它应该成为典范。 [2019 Text 2] 搭配 amodel student 模范生
amodel farm 示范农场
issue /ˈɪʃuː/ v. （正式）发给；供给
例句 Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.
从2012年左右开始， 申请该签证的人数大幅上升；从2011年到2016年，其签发数量增加了 一倍还多。 [2019 Text 3]
搭配 issue passports/visas/tickets 发护照╱签证╱票
complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v. 抱怨；埋怨； 发牢骚
例句 American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. 美国农民多年来一直抱怨劳动力短缺。 [2019 Text 3]
搭配 complaintosb. about/of sth. 向某人抱怨╱投诉 … … complain of sth. 诉说（病情或痛苦）
obstruct /əbˈstrʌkt/ v. 阻挠；阻止
例句 Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry.
美国国会阻挠了为农业工人制造更便捷的签证的努力，该签证将允许外国工人在美国停留
更长时间，并可以在同行业内换工作。 [2019 Text 3] 搭配 obstruct the peace process 阻碍和平进程
decade /Idekeɪd/ n. 十年；十年期
例句 Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent. 十多年后，进口水果的比例上升到25.8%。 [2019 Text 3]
搭配 over the past decade 在过去的十年里
. 经营；业务；企业，公司
例句 Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. 一些西方种植者已经将生产转移到墨西哥。 [2019 Text 3]
搭配 operation and management 经营和管理 in operation 工作中；使用中；有效
come into operation 开始工作；开始生效
drive /draɪv/ v. 迫使；驱使
例句 The shortage is compounded by fe deral immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.
联邦政府的移民突袭行动加剧了劳动力短缺，这些行动将一些工人遣散，另一些人则被迫 变为非法移民。 [2019 Text 3]
搭配 drivesb. away 使离去，赶跑 drivesb. off 击退； 赶走
drivesb./sth. out (of sth.) 驱散；消除；使停止
drivesb crazy/mad/insane 把人逼得发疯╱发狂╱失去理智
characteristic / IkærΘktΘIrɪstɪk/n. 特色；特点； 特征
例句
As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are
changing.
随着越来越少的非法农民工进入美国，农业劳动力的特征正在发生变化。 [2019 Text 3] 搭配 characteristic of sth./sb. ……的特征，特点
genetic characteristics 遗传特征
direct /dəˈrekt/ v. 把 ……对准(某方向或某人)；针对
例句 But the overarching message is directed at individuals.
但最核心的信息却是针对个人的（限塑要求）。 [2019 Text 4] 搭配 directsth. to/towards/at/against sth./sb. 对准……；针对 … …
celebrity /səˈlebrəti/ n. 名人；明星
例句 They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day. 他们是众多名人中的一员， 这些名人为世界环境日录制了一则新的视频。 [2019 Text 4]
搭配 TV celebrities 电视名人
celebrity effect 明星效应名人效应
imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/v. 说明；表明
例句 We're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably,
rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
我们忽视了权力的平衡，这表明作为“消费者” ，我们必须以可持续的方式购物，而作为“公 民” ，我们应要求政府和企业负起责任推动真正的系统性变革。 [2019 Text 4]
搭配 implies a degree of interest 说明有一定程度的兴趣
curb /kɜːrb/ v. 控制； 抑制； 限定
例句
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for
governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.
世界环境日的主要信息包括呼吁各国政府制定法律以抑制一次性塑料。 [2019 Text 4] 搭配 curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀
curb one’s temper 控制自己的脾气
accomplish /əˈkɑːmplɪʃ/ v. 完成
例句 On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us.
比如， 就他们自己而言， 自己带着的购物袋去杂货店抑或是放弃使用塑料吸管这样的举措 既没什么大用又不需要真的付出大量努力。 [2019 Text 4]
搭配 accomplish nothing 一事无成；一无所成 Mission accomplished. 大功告成
ignore /ɪɡˈnɔːr/ v. 忽略；忽视
例句 He ignored all the ‘No Smoking ’ signs and lit up a cigarette. 他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的警示，点了香烟。
plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n. 塑料
例句 India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” 印度刚刚宣布“到 2022 年消除该国所有的一次性塑料制品。 ” [2019 Text 4]
搭配 the plastic industry 塑料工业 reinforced plastic 增强塑料
priority /praɪˈɔːrəti/ n. 首要事情；最重要的事
例句
It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority - or even most
people's.
重要的是要认识到，环境不是每个人的最重要的事，甚至不是大多数人最重要的事。 [2019 Text 4]
搭配 first priority 最优先；当务之急，头等大事 give priority to 优先考虑；认为优先
progressive /prəˈɡresɪv/ adj. 进步的； 先进的
例句 We need progressive policies that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
我们需要能塑造集体行动的进步政策，我们也需要能推动变革的热忱公民。 [2019 Text 4] 搭配 progressive forces 进步力量
progressive movement 进步运动；渐进运动
acknowledge /əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ/ v. 承认（某事物） 属实
例句 First of all, it is universally acknowledged that among traffic problems traffic jam is the most concerned one because it affects nearly everyone’s life.
重要的是要认识到，环境不是每个人的最重要的事，甚至不是大多数人最重要的事。 [2019 Text 4]
搭配 a generally acknowledged fact 公认的事实 acknowledgesb./sth. (as sth.) 承认……是 … … acknowledge receipt of 收到，告知收悉
collective /kəˈlektɪv/ adj. 集体的；共同的； 共有的
例句 She dismisses the reform process as an exercise in collective navel-gazing. 她对这场改革嗤之以鼻，认为只是场无实际行动的集体空想而已。
搭配 collective economy 集体经济
collective leadership/decision-making/responsibility 集体领导╱集体决策╱共同责任 collective memory 集体记忆
potential /pəˈtenʃl/ adj. 潜在的，可能的
例句 Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.
贝利说：“问问孩子喜欢新房什么样子的后院，这样就会让他们感觉到自己也在参与决策。” [2019 Par B]
搭配 potential market 潜在市场
apotential primeminister 未来的首相
a potential source of conflict 潜在的冲突根源
consequence /ˈkɑːnsɪkwens/ n. （常指不好或不利的） 结果；后果
例句 With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.
随着思维模式的转变， 会出现某些严重的经济后果。 [2019 Part B]
搭配 as a consequence 因此，结果 in consequence 因此；结果
suffer/face/take the consequences of one’s actions 面对╱承担自己行动的后果； 自食其果
meet /miːt/ v. 满足，符合
例句 Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s
opinions but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best.
尽管说起来很苛刻，但是购房决策可能不应取决于孩子的意见， 而是应该充分考虑一下什
么样的房子能够最好地满足他们的需求。 [2019 Par B] 搭配 meet the needs of 满足…的需要
meet the requirements 符合要求； 满足条件 meet the deadline 如期完成； 赶上最后期限
real estate /ˈriːəl əsteɪt/ n. 房地产；不动产
例句 While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real
estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.
虽然多数家庭反对老一辈人不让孩子知道购房决策的做法，但是说到孩子的意见在经济、
个人生活以及从长远角度带来的影响上，房地产经纪人和心理学家的看法却各持己见。 [2019 Part B]
搭配 real-estate broker 房地产经纪人
imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ v. 模仿；仿效
例句 He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.
他的作品如此通俗易懂，以至于有人或许认为这种风格，人人皆可模仿。 [2019 Section III] 搭配 imitate a model 仿效典范，模仿榜样
majority /məˈdʒɔːrəti/ n. 大部份；大多数
例句 Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.
就像大多数的作家一样，吉米·哈利一路走来，遭受到许多次失意和冷遇，但这使他更加坚 定了成功的信念。 [2019 Section III]
搭配 majority of sb./sth. ……的大多数 in the majority 占多数
vast majority 绝大部分， 绝大多数
exception /ɪk ' . 例外的事物
例句 Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.
吉米·哈利一生的成就来之不易，他在文学领域的成功也不例外。 [2019 Section III]
搭配 with the exception of 除了……以外 without exception 无例外地， 一律 an exception to ……的一个例外
make an exception 允许有例外；让……成为例外
literary / 'lɪtΘreri/ adj. 文学的；适于文学作品的
例句 It was Chaucer who really turned English into a literary language. 是乔叟使英语真正变成了文学语言。
搭配 literary criticism/theory 文学批评╱理论 literary talent 文才； 文学天赋
abundance/Θ 'bΛndΘns/ n. 大量；充足；丰富
例句 Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance on the island. 该岛盛产水果和蔬菜。
搭配 an abundance of sth. 大量的……，丰富的 … … in abundance 大量；丰盛； 充裕
polished / ' 精湛的； 优雅的；娴熟的
例句 While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading.
尽管他才华横溢，天赋异禀，他也经过多年实践、修改和审读才最终为世界呈现出优秀的
作品。 [2019 Section III]
2020 年
undoubtedly /Λn'dautɪdli/ adv. 毫无疑问地
例句 The most testing time is undoubtedly in the early months of your return to work. 最考验人的时候无疑是在你重返工作岗位的头几个月。
tricky /'trɪki/ adj. 棘手的
例句 But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very tricky, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.
但是要定义何为好父母的涵义无疑非常困难，尤其是孩子对同样的养育方式反应却截然不 同时。 [2020 Section I]
搭配 atricky situation 微妙的局势 atricky business 很难办的事 atricky task 棘手的任务
exhausted /ɪɡ 'z0:stɪd/ adj. 疲惫的，筋疲力尽的；耗尽的，枯竭的
例句 Sometimes, parents get exhausted and are unable to maintain a tolerant style with their kids. 有时候， 父母筋疲力尽，无法对孩子维持宽容的方式。 [2020 Section I]
搭配 feel completely/utterly exhausted 感到筋疲力尽 exhausted well 枯竭的井
exhausted battery 用完的电池
fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ n. 疲惫，疲劳
例句 However, eventhough it’s common, it’s vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may regret for a long time.
然而， 尽管这种情况非常普遍，我们依然需要牢记， 在精疲力竭的某个瞬间，你可能对你 的孩子说一些你之后会后悔很久的话。 [2020 Section I]
consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/ adv. 始终地， 一贯地
例句 If you consistently lose your cool with your kids ，then you are modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.
如果你总是对孩子失去冷静，那就是在你的孩子面前树立了一个情绪失控的榜样。 [2020 Section I]
搭配 pursuesth. consistently 一贯奉行……；始终遵循 … … consistently support 始终支持
consistently high performance 一贯的卓越表现
confront /kənˈfrʌnt/ v. 面临；遭遇
例句 In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control when confronted by stress is one of the most significant of all life’s skills.
事实上， 面临压力时控制情绪的能力是生活中最重要的技能之一。 [2020 Section I]
搭配 confrontsth/be confronted by sth. 面临（问题或困境）； 遭到 confront with 使面临
trying /ˈtraɪɪŋ/ adj. 难对付的，令人厌烦的
例句 A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with trying situations involving your children.
一个更切实可行的目标是当面对涉及你孩子难对付的情形时，尽可能保持冷静。 [2020 Section I]
搭配 trying times 难熬的时期
detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 察觉，发现
例句 Arnold could detect a certain sadness in the oldman's face. 阿诺德能察觉到老人脸上的某种悲伤。
搭配 detect the disease 查出疾病 detect radiation 检测辐射
robotic /rəʊˈbɒtɪk/ adj. 机器人的，自动的
例句 To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
为了探究动物是否对非生物也会产生同样的反应，加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的拉莱•
奎恩与她的同事们对鼠类是否能够察觉来自机器鼠所发出的社交信号进行了测试。 [2020 Text 1]
搭配 arobotic arm 机械手
robotic technology 机器人学；机器人技术
resemble /rɪˈzembl/ v. 像， 看起来像，类似
例句 The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings.
机器老鼠们完全是极简风格，就像是电脑鼠标更大块的版本， 有轮子可以四处移动，上面
还有彩色的标记。 [2020 Text 1]
搭配 resemblesb. in appearance 外表长得像某人 resemblesb./sth. in sth. 在……方面像 … …
trap /træp/ v. 夹住，捕捉； 使陷入困境；使陷入圈套
例句 During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.
在实验中，社会型老鼠跟着真老鼠四处活动，玩一样的玩具， 还打开笼子门让被抓的老鼠 逃生。 [2020 Text 1]
搭配 be trapped in/by sth. 陷入……，被……困住 trap the killer 抓住那个凶手
trapsb. (into sth./into doingsth.) 使某人中了圈套╱上当而去做 … …
cooperate /kou 'Q:pΘreɪt/ v. 合作； 协作，配合
例句 Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.
鼠类以及其他种类的动物需要非常熟悉其他不同物种所释放的社交信号，以便它们可以分
辨出谁是能与之合作的同伴而谁又是应当躲避的对手。 [2020 Text 1] 搭配 cooperate with 与…合作
genuine / 'd3enjuɪn/ adj. 真的； 真诚的
例句 This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. 这表明这些老鼠认为社会型机器老鼠是真的社会型生命。 [2020 Text 1]
搭配 genuine leather 真皮
genuine article 真品
agenuine person 非常诚实可信的人
display /dɪˈspleɪ/ v. 表现；展现，展示；显示
例句 They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing.
它们可能与社会型机器老鼠更亲近， 因为它有共同探索和玩耍的行为。 [2020 Text 1] 搭配 display sign of emotion 喜怒形于色
display a trend 表现出一种趋势 display the username 显示用户名
fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ v. 迷住，着迷
例句
“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, ”says Wiles.
威尔斯说：“我们人类似乎痴迷于机器人， 而事实证明其他动物也是如此。” [2020 Text 1] 搭配 be fascinated with 对…痴迷
depredation /ˌdeprəˈdeiʃn/ n. 损失；损害；破坏
例句 Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider
picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.
而且，最高的 CEO 薪酬是支付给公司之外的候选人，而并非关系亲近的内部人员，这也表 明 CEO 高薪并非以牺牲公司的其他利益为代价的。 [2020 Text 2]
搭配 environmental depredation 环境破坏 act of depredation 掠夺行为
dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 有活力的
例句
搭配
The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.
美国收入最高的那 1%的人的努力已经是全球经济最有活力的因素之一。 [2020 Text 1]
the most dynamic economic region 最具活力的经济区
adynamic personality 充满活力的个性
rigorous /ˈrɪɡərəs/ adj. 严格的；严厉的
例句 By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the
1970s.
总体而言，自 20 世纪 70 年代以来， 公司治理变得更加严苛。 [2020 Text 2] 搭配 rigorous standards 严格的标准
rigorous tests 严格的考核
minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ adj. 较小的；轻微的
例句 They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.
他们还需要比他们的前辈更高超的公关技巧，因为即使一个很小的失误都会可能让他们付 出重大的代价。 [2020 Text 2]
搭配 minor changes 小小的变动 minor injuries 轻伤
predecessor /ˈpriːdəsesə(r)/ n. 前任，前辈
例句 The new president reversed many of the policies of his predecessor. 新任总统彻底改变了其前任的许多政策。
candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ n. 候选人，申请人； 投考者，应试者
例句 That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.
这说明录用最佳候选人来做越来越困难的工作是符合公司更广大的利益的。 [2020 Text 2] 搭配] presidential candidate 总统候选人
candidate for sth. ……的候选人╱申请人╱应试者；易于……的人╱可能……的人 candidates for the job 这份工作的求职者
pollution / pΘ ' . 污染；弄脏
例句 The fine was for the company's pollution of the air near its plants. 公司被罚款是因为它的工厂污染了周围的空气。
搭配 air/water/environmental pollution 空气╱水╱环境污染 white pollution 白色污染
conservative /kΘn's3:vΘtɪv/ adj. 保守的；保守党的，保守派的
例句 The documentary 2016: Obama's America was directed in large part by a conservative writer. 纪录片《2016：奥巴马的美国》在很大程度上是由一位保守派作家执导的。
搭配 conservative views 保守观念
conservative candidate 保守派候选人，保守党候选人
suspend /sΘ 'spend/ v. 暂停； 推迟
例句 Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out. 在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。
搭配 suspend production 停产
suspend business 暂停营业； 休业；中止业务
termination /ˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 终止，结束
例句 Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible termination.
七个月零一个选举日后， 新的保守派市议会禁止了“洁净空气区”的执行， 这是它走向最 终可能的终止的第一步。 [2020 Text 3]
搭配 termination of contract 合同终止
termination notice 停职通知；终止通知
levy /ˈlevi/ v. 征税，征费
例句 A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them restored. 法官现在已经否决了该市停止征收罚金的决定，并要求恢复（征收罚金）。 [2020 Text 3]
搭配 levy sth. (on sb./sth.) 对……征收 … …
levy tax 征税
fine /faɪn/ n. 罚款，罚金
例句 Offenders will be liable to a heavy fine. 违者须付巨额罚金。
搭配 fine for 因……而要付的罚款 paysth. in fines 付了……罚金
overrule /ˌəʊvəˈruːl/ v. 否决，驳回， 推翻， 宣布无效
例句 The verdict was overruled by the Supreme Court. 最高法院驳回了那个裁决。
搭配 overrule a decision 推翻╱驳回╱否决决议
overrule the verdict 驳回裁决
characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/ v. 具有……的特征
例句 Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterizes efforts on air pollution across Europe.
马德里在清洁空气区问题上的摇摆不定让人深刻地意识到欧洲各国在空气污染问题上所 采取的各自为政的做法存在局限性。 [2020 Text 3]
搭配 characterizesb./sth. (as sth.) 表现（……的特征） be characterized by 以……为特征
tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 应付，处理
例句 Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial, and therefore vulnerable.
除此之外还有其他的缺点： 当城市被要求去自行处理空气污染时，它们必须采取的措施在 政治上存在争议，也因此易受攻击。 [2020 Text 3]
搭配 tackle problems 解决问题， 处理问题 tackle inflation 解决通货膨胀问题
enforce /ɪnˈfɔːrs/ v. 强行实施；强制执行（法律、规定等）
例句 Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas area response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations.
由于未能妥善推进现有条例的有效执行 ， 因此出台规定禁止高污染的车辆进入特定区域。 [2020 Text 3]
搭配 enforcesth. (on/against sb./sth.) 强制执行，强行实施（法律或规定）
enforce the law 执法
controversial /ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl/ adj. 引起争论的，有争议的 例句 Immigration is a controversial issue in many countries.
移民在很多国家都是一个有争议的问题。 搭配 controversial issues 有争议的问题
controversial figures 有争议的人物
vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj. 易受攻击的， 易受伤害的； 脆弱的 例句 Old people are particularly vulnerable members of our society.
老人是我们社会中特别容易受到伤害的成员。 搭配 vulnerable (to sb./sth.) 易受……伤害的
vulnerable groups 弱势群体；易受伤害的群体
spark /spɑːk/ v. 引发；导致
例句 And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he
intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.
如果萨迪克•康在 2021 年赢得了市长竞选并如其所愿将超低排放区推广至南北环线，则肯
定会引发更多受影响的机动车驾驶者的强烈的反对。 [2020 Text 3] 搭配 sparksth (off) 引发，激发
spark upsth. 激起，突然引发（交谈、争论、友谊等）
resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ n. 居民；居住者
例句 Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents ’ health in the face of a serious threat.
当地官员正在运用可以利用的手段来保护面临严重威胁的居民健康。 [2020 Text 3]
搭配 local residents 当地居民
permanent resident 永久居民
minimize /ˈmɪnɪmaɪz/ v. 使减缩到最小，使减少到最低限度
例句 Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimize pollution.
为了最大程度地减缓污染，威尔士引入了特定的低速限制。 [2020 Text 3] 搭配 minimize the risk 把风险降到最低
steadily /ˈstedəli/ adv. 稳定地
例句 Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring, the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.
由于 Z 世代的学生今年春天就要大学毕业了，最近几周，对这一问题的关注一直在稳步上 升。 [2020 Text 4]
搭配 rise/increase/grow steadily 稳步增长，稳步上升
inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ v. 居住于，栖息于
例句 Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.
每个人都想知道，那些很快就会坐在空置的办公室工位上的人，与他们的前辈有何不同。 [2020 Text 4]
搭配 inhabit the area 生活在这个地区
underlying /ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj. 潜在的， 根本的，隐含的
例句 The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt.
繁荣的经济似乎无助于减轻这一代人的焦虑紧迫感， 尤其是对于那些负有大学债务的人。
[2020 Text 4]
搭配 underlying causes 潜在原因
underlying assumption 隐含的假定
reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ n. 储备
例句 College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record$1.5 trillion, according to the Federal
Reserve.
根据美联储的数据，美国的大学贷款余额现在达到创纪录的 1.5 万亿美元。 [2020 Text 4] 搭配 federal reserve （美国）联邦储备系统
foreign exchange reserve 外汇储备
large oil and gas reserves 大量的石油和天然气贮藏量
engender / inˈdʒendə(r)/ v. 产生 ， 引起(某种感觉或情况) 例句 This will help engender goodwill in others.
这样做能激发他人的善意。 [2020 Part B] 搭配 engender controversy 引起争论
compliment /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/ n. 赞扬；称赞
例句 We often feel the need to tell othershow we feel, whether it’s a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment.
我们时常感到有必要告诉别人自己的感受，无论是对项目的担忧， 一个不相关的想法，还 是一句赞美。 [2020 Part B]
搭配 compliment someone on 称赞某人的 … … paysb. a compliment 对某人表示赞扬 return the compliment 照样回敬
valid /ˈvælɪd/ adj. 确凿的； 合理的
例句 Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too.
这些需求都是合理的，但你也需要花一些时间听同事们把话说完才行。 [2020 Part B] 搭配 valid until 有效期至
valid period 有效期限
valid contract 有效合同； 有效契约
horizon /həˈraɪzn/ n. 视野， 眼界
例句 But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you.
但是，除了那些值得信赖的同事之外，还应该拓展视野，去了解周边的所有人。 [2020 Part B]
搭配 broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界
on the horizon 很可能即将发生；已露端倪
exceptional /ɪkˈsepʃənl/ adj. 杰出的， 卓越的
例句 And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.
你不必是别人的老板才能告诉他们他们在某个项目中的表现特别优秀。 [2020 Part B] 搭配 exceptional talent 非凡的才能
exceptional ability 能力卓越
addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 增加；添加
例句 This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice breakin the work day. 这样做除了在忙碌的日常工作中得到一个不错的休息时间之外，还有助于你扩大内部人际
关系。 [2020 Part B]
搭配 in addition (to sb./sth.) 除……以外（还） with the addition of 外加
conceal /kənˈsiːl/ v. 隐藏； 掩盖
例句 The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given
the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.
由此，我们得到的教训不是完全公开自己的个人生活， 而是当你能够选择提供自己的详细 信息或刻意隐瞒这些信息时，你应该选择诚实。 [2020 Part B]
搭配 concealsb./sth. from sb./sth. 向……隐藏╱隐瞒 … … conceal one’s disappointment 掩饰失望
conceal the message 隐瞒消息
fake /feɪk/ adj. 假的
例句 But don’t overdo it or be fake about it.
但是要适可而止，同时不要假意称赞。 [2020 Part B] 搭配 fake commodity 假货
fake fur 人造革；假裘皮； 仿造皮毛
incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ adj. 不可思议的； 极好的
例句 We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world.” Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.
我们可以选择将失败视为“世界末日”。或者， 我们也可以将失败当成难得的学习经历。 [2020 Section III]
搭配 an incredible story 不可思议的故事
incredible coincidence 难以置信的巧合
motivation /ˌmotəˈveʃən/ n. 动机；诱因
例句 Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.
失败也能帮你发现最真诚的朋友，或者帮你找到意想不到的成功动力。 [2020 Section III] 搭配 learning motivation 学习动机
a strong motivation for sth. ……的强大动力
