
I考试性质
英语(一)考试是为高等院校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置 的具有选拔性质的全国统一招生考试科目,其目的是科学、公平、有 效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力,评价的标准是高等院校非英语 专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平,以保证被录取者具 有一定的英语水平,并有利于各高等院校和科研院所在专业上择优 选拔。
II考查目标
(一)语言知识
考生应掌握词汇、语法、语篇和语用等方面的语言知识,并能在 特定情境下的语言活动中加以有效运用。
1.词汇
考生应掌握5,500个左右的单词及相关附表中的内容(见附录1)
附录1的词汇表仅包含单词的基本词形,未包含单词的读音、词 性、意义和形态变化等,考生应在听、说、读、写等语言实践中学习 和掌握这些内容。同时,考生应掌握单词的习惯用法,包括搭配、固 定表达等,并掌握单词之间的语义关系,如上下义关系、同义关系、 反义关系等。
此外,考生还应掌握转化、合成等英语构词法,能根据常用的 前缀和后缀(见附录2)进行单词的派生,掌握常见的缩写词(见 附录2)。
英语(一)试卷中出现超出词汇表及相关附表的单词时,不会给 出中文注释,但会严格控制此类单词的数量。
2.语法、语篇、语用
语法知识指词、词组、分句、句子等语法单位的类别、构成和功 能等,语篇知识指书面和口头语篇的组织结构及上下文的衔接和连 贯,语用知识指特定语言运用情境中的言语功能、话语规范及语体、 修辞等表达形式。
本大纲不列出语法、语篇、语用知识的具体项目,考生应在听、 说、读、写等语言实践中学习和堂握这些内容,提高准确性、丰富性 和得体性,能熟练运用于具体语境,有效把握和传递信息,实现特定 交际意图。
(二)语言技能
考生应掌握理解英语话语意义的能力,包括听力理解能力和阅读 理解能力;掌握运用英语表达意义的能力,包括口头表达能力和书面 表达能力。英语(一)考试重点考查阅读和写作两种技能。
1. 阅读
考生应能读懂多种话题、多种类型的语言较复杂的文字材料。话 题包括科技、经济、教育、社会、历史、文化等,类型包括新闻、评 论、报告、论文、专著等。对所读材料,考生应能:
1)概括主旨要义;
2)理解具体信息;
3)根据上下文推断单词和词组的含义;
4)作出判断、推理和引申;
5)理解作者的意图、观点和态度;
6)理解文章结构和上下文逻辑关系;
7)分析文中使用的修辞手法、论证方法等;
8)比较文中事实、观点、态度等的异同。 2.写作
考生应能写多种类型的应用文,包括书信、通知、告示、纪要 等,并能写不同功能的文章,包括描述性、叙述性、说明性、论述性。
文章。写作时,考生应能做到:
1)内容切中题意,按要求完成试题规定的任务;
2)根据任务需求选择较丰富的语法结构和词汇;
3)语言表达规范,用词准确,语法、拼写、标点正确;
4)结构合理,层次清晰,内容连贯,合乎逻辑;
5)根据写作目的和对象,选择恰当的文体和语体。
III考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构
(一)考试形式
考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。
考试使用1份试题册和1张答题卡。考生应校要求将选择题的答 案涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上,将非选择题的答案书写在答题卡 指定位置的边框区域内。
(二)考试内容
试题分三部分,包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。共52 小题。
第一部分英语知识运用
该部分考查考生在具体语境中综合运用语言知识的能力。共20 小题,每题0.5分,共10分。
在一篇约280词的文章中留出20个空白、要求考生服每题所给 的4个选项中选出最佳选项填入空白,使填补后的文章语句遹顺、意 义连贯。
第二部分阅读理解
该部分由A、B、C 三节组成,考查考生理解书面英语的能力: 共30小题,每题2分,共60分。
A节(20小题):考查考生概括主旨要义、理解具体信息、作出 判断、推理和引申等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4滴文章的内容 (总长度为1,600~1,700词),从每题所给的4个选项中逃出最佳选项
B 节(5小题):考查考生理解文章结构、上下文逻辑关系以及 概括、比较等能力。本节有3种备选题型,每次考试从这3种题型中 选择一种进行考查。
备选题型包括:
1)在一篇500~600词的文章中留出5个空白,要求考生从文后 所给的7个选项中选出最佳的5项填入空白,使填补后的文章结构完 整、内容连贯、合乎逻辑。
2)一篇500~600词的文章的段落顺序已打乱,要求考生根据文 章的内容和上下文逻辑关系将所列段落(7~8个)按正确顺序排列, 其中2~3个段落的位置已给出。
3)在一篇500~600词的文章前或后有7个小标题或概括句,要 求考生从这7个选项中为文中5个指定的语段分别选出最佳的小标题 或概括句。
C 节(5小题):考查考生理解语篇中概念或结构较复杂的语句 并将其译成汉语的能力。要求考生将一篇约400词的文章中的5个画 线部分(共约150词)译成汉语,译文准确、完整、通顺。
第三部分写作
该部分由A、B两节组成,考查考生的书面表达能力。共2小题, 共30分。
A节(1小题):要求考生根据规定情景写一篇约100词(标点 符号不计算在内)的应用文,类型包括书信、通知、告示、纪要等。 共10分。
B 节(1小题):要求考生根据提示信息写一篇160~200词(标
点符号不计算在内)的短文。提示信息的形式为文字、图画、图表 等。共20分。
(三)试卷结构
部分 | 节 | 为考生提供的信息 | 指导语 语言 | 考查要点 | 题型 | 题目数量 | 计分 |
I 英语知识运用 | 1篇文章(约280词) | 英语 | 综合运用语言知识 | 完形填空多项选择(四选一) | 20 | 10 | |
Ⅱ阅读理解 | A | 4篇文章(共1,600~1,700词) | 英语 | 概括主旨要义、理解具体信息,作出判断、推理和引申等 | 多项选择(四选一) | 20 | 40 |
B | 1篇文章 (500~600词) | 英语 | 理解文章结构、上下文逻辑关系以及概括、比较等 | 选择搭配 | 5 | 10 | |
C | 1篇文章(约400词),其中 5个画线部分(共约150词) | 英语 | 理解语篇中概念或结构较复杂的语句并将其译成汉语 | 英译汉 | 5 | 10 | |
Ⅲ写作 | A | 规定情景 | 英语 | 写书信、通知、告示、纪要等 | 应用文写作(约100词) | 10 | |
B | 文字、图画、图表等 | 英语 | 写描述性、叙述性、说明性、论述性文章 | 短文写作(160~200词) | 20 | ||
总计 | 52 | 100 |
IV题型示例、参考答案及评分参考
题型示例
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short- term memory and the ability to think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It 1 in young adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age.But 3 aging is inevitable,scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8that data to reported changes in fluid intelligenceover a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11
For women,the association may be 12to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat;in
men,the immune system did not appear to be 13 .It is hoped that future studies could 14these
differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.
16 ,there are steps you can 17to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as
you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 .The two highly recommended lifestyle
approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style
20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highlyprocessed foods.
17.A.change B.watch
C.take D.count
18.A.coordination B.process
C.formation D.well-being
C.knowledge D.level
C.routine D.prescription
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)
Text 1
Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this “clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long-term decision-making,not only by banks but by allcorporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.
“Short-termism,”or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies,says the Bank of England's top economist, Andrew Haldane.He quotes a giant of classical economics,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatience as acting like“children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than putting them aside to be eaten last
The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,he notes,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firm's efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has been dubbed“quarterly capitalism.”
In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,quicker use of information,and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets.“There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,”said CommissionerDaniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.
In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce“short-termism.”In its latest survey of CEO pay,The Wall Street Journal finds that“a substantial part”of executive pay is now tied to performance.
Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,”such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.In France,shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.
Within companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders.Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance,not just for the short term but for the long term.
21.According to Paragraph 1,one motive in imposing the new rule is to
A.guarantee the bonuses of top executives.
B.enhance bankers'sense ofresponsibility. C.build a new system of financial regulation.
D.help corporations achieve larger profits 22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate
A.the solid structure of publicly traded companies. B.governments'impatience in decision-making.
C.the conditions for generating quick profits. D.“short-termism”in economic activities
23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be
A.minimal. B.indirect
C.adverse D.temporary 24.The US and France examples are used to illustrate
A.the approaches to promoting “long-termism.”
B.the prevalence of short-term thinking.
C.the significance of long-term thinking.
D.the obstacles to preventing“short-termism.”
25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Decisiveness Required of Top Executives
B.Failure of Quarterly Capitalism
C.Patience as a Corporate Virtue
D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers
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